![]() The smooth flow is called laminar flow, whereas the swirls and eddies typify turbulent flow. Smoke rises smoothly for a while and then begins to form swirls and eddies. Turbulent flow, or turbulence, is characterized by eddies and swirls that mix layers of fluid together. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix. The figure below shows both types of flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. In this section, we will investigate what factors, including viscosity, affect the rate of fluid flow. In the previous sections we have considered ideal fluids with little or no viscosity. ![]() Juice has low viscosity, whereas syrup has high viscosity. We call this property of fluids viscosity. The difference is fluid friction, both within the fluid itself and between the fluid and its surroundings. But when you pour syrup on your pancakes, that liquid flows slowly and sticks to the pitcher. When you pour yourself a glass of juice, the liquid flows freely and quickly. ![]()
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